03/29/2024

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California Trade Report for May 2022

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Below are highlights from the recently released trade data from the US Census Bureau and US Bureau of Economic Analysis.

The May data in general saw California exports continuing recovery in nominal terms, but when viewed in real dollars, exports were essentially level when compared to the prior year and remained substantially below the pre-pandemic level in 2019. Imports, however, continued to surge both in nominal and real terms. Total trade activity through the state’s ports—while continuing to lose ground to #1 Texas in relative terms—was up more strongly likely in response to shipper efforts to get ahead of potential transportation strikes this summer.

Talks with West Coast dockworkers continue without conclusion, although work also continues even after the previous contract expired. Potential labor actions by 12 unions with far broader effects on rail activity moved into the next stage, with the process now turning to a 30-day cooling off period. Combined with potential administrative actions at the end of that period, without resolution, rail shutdowns could begin just prior to the November elections.

In the latest results for July 1, a total of 18 container ships were in the backup off the San Pedro Bay ports, including one anchored and 17 slow speed steaming or loitering outside the 25-mile Safety and Air Quality Area. At least a portion of this relief, however, comes as shippers have begun diverting to other ports due to the risk of a ports strike. While this congestion is down considerably offshore, the effects have spread inland as shipments are now backing up due to rail congestion both within Southern California and as containers accumulate at core hubs such as Chicago, lack of warehouse space within Southern California—now operating with a vacancy rate of only 0.3%—and as soaring diesel prices affect trucking operations.

Globally, similar issues are adding to the supply chain disruptions, affecting both destination markets and critical component supplies. In addition to the more broadly covered pandemic problems in China, strikes have already slowed goods movement in South Korea and the EU. The same issues producing massive delays in air travel within the US could also spread quickly to air freight, an alternative that would become in even higher demand in the event of a ports or rail strike.

As measured by the New York Federal Reserve Global Supply Chain Pressure Index, supply congestion has eased in recent months, but the overall level remains at substantially elevated levels. Some progress has been made, but nowhere near enough.

Share of Goods through US Ports

16.6%
CA Share Of Total Trade
Through US Ports

The share of total US goods trade (exports and imports) through California ports continued to erode, edging down to 16.63% (12-month moving average; compared to 16.76% in April 2022 and 18.09% in May 2021).

California remained the #2 state, behind Texas with 18.88% (compared to 18.66% in April 2022 and 17.16% in May 2021). Trade through the Atlantic port states was at 29.78% (compared to 29.82% in April 2022 and 30.43% in May 2021). While the state’s competitive position is dropping, its continued function as the primary gateway to Pacific trade forms the trade-related base for one of California’s largest centers of middle-class, blue-collar jobs.

Transportation & Warehousing alone provided 766,400 jobs in the latest results for May 2022 and is the only industry—by required education level, wage level, or otherwise—to show substantial growth during the pandemic period. In the May data, wage and salary jobs in Transportation & Warehousing were up 15.2% above the pre-pandemic level in February 2020, compared to a remaining overall deficit of 0.6% for all Nonfarm Jobs. Yet, in spite of the continuing performance of this industry to provide meaningful progress on reducing income inequality and sustaining what remains of the state’s blue-collar middle-class base, the state continues to delay additional growth as well as improvements critical to easing the ongoing supply chain disruptions, through lawsuits such as those filed in 2020, 2021, and most recently in 2022. Yet, even faced with these regulatory barriers, the industry continues to produce real-world income progress, especially when compared to the less apparent results coming from an array of other state policies such as its “High Road” jobs programs.

California Goods Exports

$1.2
Billion Change In Exports

Total California origin goods exports were up $1.2 billion from May 2021 (up 8.3%). California remained in 2nd place as its position continued to erode to 9.60% of all US goods exports (12-month moving total), behind Texas at 22.91%.

Compared to pre-pandemic May 2019, origin goods exports were up only $0.7 billion in nominal terms (4.8%). While exports have continued to show recovery, in real terms they remain substantially depressed.

California Goods Imports

$5.2
Billion Change In Imports

Total California destination goods imports were up $5.2 billion from May 2021 (up 13.3%). Compared to pre-pandemic May 2019, imports were up $8.0 billion (22.3%), indicating a strong rise in both nominal and real terms. While a component of the increase is coming from the current import drive to get ahead of a potential West Coast port strike, the sustained rise in imports also is a reflection of the outcomes from the state’s climate change policies, reducing emissions within the state but shifting the associated production and emissions elsewhere to be imported into California below the regulatory accounting process.

Note that both origin exports and destination imports incorporate goods produced/used within the state and those that are assembled by state businesses for shipment elsewhere. Because the Center’s focus is on California jobs rather than macroeconomic forecasting, these indicators are presented as reported to reflect changes in the associated jobs base.

Top 20 Exports, May 2022

Top 20 exports by value are shown below, along with the change from May 2021.

NAICS Commodity May 2022 Exports ($b.) Change from May 2021
Fruits & Tree Nuts $1.0 4.3%
Industrial Machinery 0.9 9.1%
Computer Equipment 0.9 -5.7%
Semiconductors & Other Electronic Components 0.9 14.1%
Navigational/measuring/medical/control Instrument 0.8 31.0%
Aerospace Products & Parts 0.8 -0.5%
Pharmaceuticals & Medicines 0.7 17.9%
Petroleum & Coal Products 0.7 120.1%
Miscellaneous Manufactured Commodities 0.6 -7.6%
Waste & Scrap 0.5 7.8%
Medical Equipment & Supplies 0.5 -25.1%
Communications Equipment 0.5 0.9%
Electrical Equipment & Components, Nesoi 0.4 -52.4%
Basic Chemicals 0.3 37.8%
Used or Second-hand Merchandise 0.3 17.4%
Other General Purpose Machinery 0.3 17.8%
Dairy Products 0.3 36.2%
Motor Vehicle Parts 0.3 2.8%
Foods, Nesoi 0.3 6.0%
Plastics Products 0.3 9.7%

Top 10 Export Markets, May 2022

Country May 2022 Exports ($b.) Change from May 2021
Mexico $2.7 19.4%
Canada 1.8 19.2%
China 1.5 6.7%
Japan 1.0 -1.7%
Korea, South 0.9 -7.8%
Taiwan 0.9 31.9%
Netherlands 0.6 34.9%
Germany 0.5 -21.1%
India 0.5 -2.8%
Hong Kong 0.4 -27.1%